Shoulder · Joint
Glenohumeral joint
| 1. What it is | The main shoulder joint—a ball (humeral head) and shallow socket (glenoid of the shoulder blade). |
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| 2. Where it is | Between the top of the upper-arm bone and the outer edge of the shoulder blade. |
| 3. Function | Allows the widest range of motion of any joint in the body. |
| 4. Role in movement | Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, circumduction. |
| 5. Interactions | Stabilised statically by labrum, capsule and ligaments and dynamically by the rotator cuff and biceps; works with the shoulder blade (scapulohumeral rhythm). |
| 7. Common pain locations | Deep "inside the joint" pain, front of shoulder. |
| 6. Common injuries & conditions | Shoulder instability (labral tear, dislocation, subluxation), Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) |
| 8. Relevant rehab exercises | Shoulder flexion PROM/AAROM (dowel), Shoulder abduction PROM/AAROM (dowel), Internal/external rotation PROM/AAROM (dowel), Shoulder flexion mobility with exercise ball, Shoulder flexion mobility (AROM), Shoulder abduction mobility (AROM), Internal and external rotation mobility (AROM), Shoulder taps (plank), Shoulder clock (banded plank), Half-kneeling single-arm shoulder press |
Interactive diagram · Shoulder complex